Over along the right hand column have been a few pages that don't exactly fit anymore so I'll be deleting a few of them, specifically the pages dealing with Tri-5 and classes such as Physical Diagnosis I, Toxicology (pharmacology), Biomechanics and NMS. However, in case any of these pages could be of use to somebody I'm going to save each page as a post.
Below are the contents from the deleted Tri-5 Toxicology page:
Reference Sources:
1. PDR (Physician’s Desk Reference) [in the library],
Alcohol/illegal drug facts:
5. Google & Wikipedia (with precaution)
Upon completion of this course the student should be familiar with the following
A. Pharmakokinetics/pharmacodynamics
1. List and discuss the common routes of drug administration and excretion as well as describe advantages and disadvantages of each route.
2. Compare the efficacy and the potency of two drugs on the basis of their dose-response curves.
3. Describe the factors influencing drug absorption.
4. Describe the effect of pH on solubility of a drug.
5. Distinguish between first and zero order kinetics and give an example of each.
6. Be familiar with the most common receptor signaling mechanisms
7. Define or be familiar with the following:
- · Steady state
- · Bioequivalence
- Pharmacokinetics
- · Therapeutic equivalence
- · Pharmacodynamics Agonist & Antagonist
- · Volume of distribution
- · Therapeutic index
- · Half life
- · Efficacy & Potency
- · Bioavailability
- · Synergism/Potentiation
- · First pass metabolism
- · Tolerance/Dependence
8. Be familiar adverse drug reactions:
- · allergic reactions
- · tachyphylaxis
- · idiosyncratic reactions
- · placebo effect
- · teratogenic effects
- · side effect
9. Know the difference between competitive vs. non-competitive inhibition.
B. The Autonomic Nervous System – Cholinergic & Adrenergic Agents
1. Be able to describe the characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activation.
2. Describe the organ-system effects of stimulation of SNS/PNS
3. Be able to identify symptoms of cholinergic over stimulation and antidotes for treatment.
4. Identify the basic pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis and glaucoma and how cholinergic agents are used in diagnosis and treatment.
5. Know the actions of atropine.
6. Be able to identify the characteristics associated with alpha and beta receptor stimulation.
7. Be able to distinguish the cardiovascular consequences of administration of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
8. Pharmakinetics of cocaine and amphetamines.
9. Pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma and how ANS drugs used in treatment.
10. Basic clinical uses for beta blocking agents.
C. CNS Agents: Parkinson’s/Anxiolytics/CNS Stimulants
1. Describe the pharmacology of caffeine and nicotine.
2. Be able to describe the mechanism of action of amphetamine, cocaine, the psychedelic drugs and THC.
3. Therapeutic uses of amphetamines.
4. Pharmacokinetics of alcohol.
5. Identify components of fetal alcohol syndrome.
6. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical uses of benzodiazepines.
7. Treatment of benzodiazepine overdose.
8. Describe the neurochemical imbalance underlying the symptoms or Parkinson’s disease.
9. Identify the mechanisms by which levodopa, dopamine receptor agonists, selegiline, and muscarinic blocking drugs alleviate Parkinsonism.
10. Describe the therapeutic and toxic effects of the major antiparkinsonism agents.
D. CNS Agents: Antidepressants/Opioids/Analgesics/Anti-Epileptics
1. Be familiar with the DSM IV Criteria for the diagnosis of Major Depression.
2. Basic characteristics and pharmacology of tricyclic antidepressants including drug interactions.
3. Be familiar with prototype SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors), mechanism of action, side effect profile, and serotonin syndrome.
4. Be familiar with drug categorizations in pregnancy.
5. Be familiar with mechanism of action of MAO inhibitors (monamine oxidase) and drug interactions.
6. Characteristics of schizophrenia and basic aims of treatment. Be able to distinguish between positive and negative symptoms.
7. Be familiar with the pharmacology of opioids. Know the similarities and differences between morphine, Demerol, and codeine, and methadone.
8. Identify characteristics associated with opioid overdose and effective treatments.
9. Review pathophysiology of seizure disorders and the drugs used in its management.
10. Use of anti-epileptics in pregnancy.
E. Congestive Heart Failure Drugs & Antihypertensives
1. Describe the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.
2. Be able to describe and identify risk factors for coronary artery disease.
3. Be able to calculate BMI and know the medical complications of obesity.
4. JNC 7 (Joint National Committee) definitions for hypertension.
5. Be able to describe lifestyle modifications for the treatment of hypertension.
6. Role of beta blockers in the treatment of hypertension. Contraindications to their use as well.
7. Know the basic classes of diuretic agents and their mechanisms of action.
8. Mechanism of action of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors. Also be familiar with adverse reactions such as cough and why this happens.
9. Be able to identify special circumstances in which concomitant disease may affect choice of treatment.
10. Physiology of heart failure. Be able to distinguish between right and left sided heart failure.
11. Be able to define preload and afterload.
12. Objectives for drug treatment of heart failure.
13. Mechanism of action of digoxin and signs of its toxicity
F. Thrombolytics & Antihyperlipidemics
1. How to establish diagnosis of hyperlipidemia both by physical diagnosis and laboratory values.
2. Describe dietary modifications that might be helpful in treating hyperlipidemia.
3. Describe the components of the metabolic syndrome.
4. Know the major classes of agents used for medical therapy of hyperlipidemia.
5. Be able to identify major adverse effects associated with the agents most commonly used in treatment.
6. Know the effect of estrogen and progesterone on lipid levels.
7. Know the basic differences between the extrinsic and intrinsic clotting cascades. Know which tests are used for each.
8. Be familiar with the mechanism of action of aspirin.
9. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of heparin and warfarin.
10. Know the differences between an arterial and a venous thrombus.
G. Diabetes Mellitus & Thyroid Gland Drugs
1. Be able to distinguish the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2. Be aware of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
3. Know the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of diabetes.
4. Common dietary interventions used in the treatment of diabetes.
5. Mechanism and duration of action of insulin. Also know how to calculate insulin requirements.
6. Know the common classes of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents and mechanisms of action.
7. Physiologic effects of thyroid hormone.
8. Know the signs and symptoms of Graves ’s disease as well as the basic medical therapies used to treat it.
9. Clinical features and diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
10. Familiar with changes in thyroid function during pregnancy.
H. Miscellaneous Symptom-Modifying Drugs
1. Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma and its common triggers.
2. Be able to gauge symptoms based on the green – yellow – red spectrum.
3. Know the role of rescue inhalers vs. long acting inhalers. Be familiar with differences of using a spacer vs. not using one.
4. Role of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of severe asthma.
5. Be familiar with the hormonal link to asthma.
6. Be familiar with other anti-inflammatory agents and newer agents for the medical treatment of asthma.
7. Be familiar with the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).
8. Know the common lifestyle modifications and the medical therapy used to treat peptic ulcers and GERD.
9. Working knowledge of the pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting.
10. Basic pharmacology of the anti-diarrheal agents.
I. Sex Steroids & Bone Metabolism
1. Understand menstrual cycle physiology and the pharmacokinetics of estrogen and progesterone.
2. Understand the mechanism of action, advantages and disadvantages and non-contraceptive benefits of oral contraceptives.
3. Know who should not be a candidate for hormonal contraception.
4. Understand the physiology of menopause and the basic findings from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).
5. Definition of osteoporosis and its clinical features and risk factors.
6. Know the National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for screening.
7. Understand methods of screening and interpretation for the evaluation of osteoporosis.
8. Know the recommended daily amounts for calcium supplementation.
9. Understand the basic pharmacology of the medical therapies available to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Be able to understand these classes in terms of effectiveness.
Antibiotic Drugs
1. Be familiar with the following definitions:
- sterilization
- antiseptic
- pasteurization
- nosocomial infection
- disinfectant
- selective toxicity
2. Know the concepts of an antibiotic that is bacteriocidal vs. on that is bacteriostatic.
3. Know when it is appropriate to use combination and or prophylactic chemotherapeutic drugs.
4. Understand the concepts of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC).
5. Know the basic mechanisms of action of the major classes of antibiotics.
6. Be aware of hypersensitivity reactions and cross reactions.
7. Understand the risks of misuse of antibiotics.
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