I've got another video on YouTube which deals with the three layers of the Adrenal Cortex. The cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal gland and each of the three layers produced a different secretion. The mnemonic given in the video is Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex.
The first part of the mnemonic, Go Find Rex, refers to the names of the three layers from the outermost layer to the innermost layer. Those layers are the Glomerulosa, Fasiculata and Reticulata. Generally, or technically speaking, you'll also see the word "zona" in front of each of those names. The word zona in reference to anatomy means any encircling or beltlike structure.
Make Good Sex refers to the the secretions produced by each layer. Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids and Sex Hormones (Androgens). The main mineralocorticoid is Aldosterone and the main glucocorticoid is cortisol.
I'll have to update my YouTube page link at the top of this blog here to include my latest video. It was a pretty interesting video to make. The first 30 slides took over two hours to produce. About 63 slides where used in the video and 9 different movies had to be spliced together. I used a piece of software from Kodak called Media Impressions and the whole project took about two days to complete. Two days for a minute and 17 second video... LOL :)
I've recently been starting to work with the Windows Live Movie Maker editing software and it's pretty impressive. I'll probably make future videos using that software.
Here is the raw link for the Adrenal Video: http://youtu.be/ZHzUsV9fCyw
Friday, December 14, 2012
Saturday, December 8, 2012
Deleting 2 more Pages - Most Common
Looks like the two pages Pathognomonic and Most Common never really took root either so I'll be deleting those as well.
Below are the contents for the deleted Most Common page:
Another aspect of chiropractic school revolves around things that are most common. Most common cancer in men or women, most commonly fractured carpal bone, etc. These most common types of questions and answers are somewhat of a need to know type of thing for school as they appear on many test. Along with Most Common, aspects such as largest, smallest & most numerous (etc) also make for many test questions. This page will be for those things which somehow fall under the heading of Most Common (abbreviated frequently in the literature as MC)
Most Common:
Below are the contents for the deleted Most Common page:
Another aspect of chiropractic school revolves around things that are most common. Most common cancer in men or women, most commonly fractured carpal bone, etc. These most common types of questions and answers are somewhat of a need to know type of thing for school as they appear on many test. Along with Most Common, aspects such as largest, smallest & most numerous (etc) also make for many test questions. This page will be for those things which somehow fall under the heading of Most Common (abbreviated frequently in the literature as MC)
Most Common:
- & important causes of leukocytosis: inflammation and infection
- causes of normocytic anemia (normal MCV): kidney and liver dz, bone marrow disorders or excessive bleeding or hemolysis of hte red blood cells.
- causes of microcytic anemia (low MCV): iron deficiency, thalassemia & chronic illness
Deleting 2 more Pages - Pathognomonic
Looks like the two pages Pathognomonic and Most Common never really took root either so I'll be deleting those as well.
Below are the contents for the deleted Pathognomonic page:
This page is for all things pathognomonic.
Pathognomonic: A sign or symptom that is so characteristic of a disease that it makes the diagnosis. For example, Koplik's spots (on the buccal mucosa opposite the lst and 2nd upper molars) are pathognomonic of measles. The word "pathognomonic" (pronounced patho-no-monic) comes from the Greek "pathognomonikos' meaning "skilled in judging diseases."
This page will help me keep track of pathognomonic signs and symptoms.
Below are the contents for the deleted Pathognomonic page:
This page is for all things pathognomonic.
Pathognomonic: A sign or symptom that is so characteristic of a disease that it makes the diagnosis. For example, Koplik's spots (on the buccal mucosa opposite the lst and 2nd upper molars) are pathognomonic of measles. The word "pathognomonic" (pronounced patho-no-monic) comes from the Greek "pathognomonikos' meaning "skilled in judging diseases."
This page will help me keep track of pathognomonic signs and symptoms.
Disease
|
Sign
|
Pseudomembrane on tonsils, pharynx and nasal cavity
| |
Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (giant mono- and multinucleated cells)
| |
Deleting a few Pages - NMS
Over along the right hand column have been a few pages that don't exactly fit anymore so I'll be deleting a few of them, specifically the pages dealing with Tri-5 and classes such as Physical Diagnosis I, Toxicology (pharmacology), Biomechanics and NMS. However, in case any of these pages could be of use to somebody I'm going to save each page as a post.
Below are the contents from the deleted Tri-5 NMS Page:
- agnosia - loss of discriminatory ability in an extremity
- akinesthesia - inability to discriminate the position of a finger or toe in space
- Babinski sign - classic example of a pathological reflex which means the corticospinal tract is lesioned. (p13)
- dural test - WLR, Soto-Hall, Valsalva
- hyperreflexia - often seen with umnl due to lack of inhibition from the CNS on the alpha motor neuron
- kinesthesia - the ability to know where a digit (finger/toe) is in space. With eyes closed the only way this type information could get to the cortex would be over the lemniscal pathway.
- lemniscal lesion - eliminate proprioception but spare nociception (p4)
- parasthesia - tingling sensation
- radiculopathy - a lesion of the nerve root; when the nerve root is being compressed by a particular entity (spur, ligament, disc, narrowed IVF, etc.)
- spastic paralysis - is due to loss of pyramidal (corticospinal) pathway
- spasticity - due to loss of extrapyramidal inhibitory influences
- thalamus lesion - loss of both pain & proprioception
- Tinel Sign - pain & tingling radiating distally upon irritation of a lesion site (p7)
Signs of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMNL)
- paralysis
An UMNL will manifest as damage to both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts.
Lower Motor Neuron Lesion (LMNL) -
flaccid paralysis (flaccidity = loss of reflexes)
The effect of a lower motor neuron lesion on muscle tone is due to decreased excitation
Bell's Palsy is one such dz which is due to a LMNL
Deleting a few Pages - Biomechanics
Over along the right hand column have been a few pages that don't exactly fit anymore so I'll be deleting a few of them, specifically the pages dealing with Tri-5 and classes such as Physical Diagnosis I, Toxicology (pharmacology), Biomechanics and NMS. However, in case any of these pages could be of use to somebody I'm going to save each page as a post.
Below are the contents from the deleted Tri-5 Biomechanics page:
Specific Objectives:
A. To demonstrate an efficiency in biomechanics vocabulary the student will demonstrate the following:
- acceleration
- action potential
- agonistic muscles
- anisotropic
- antagonistic muscles
- anthropometry
- area moment of inertia
- axis
- bending
- bending moment
- three point bending
- four point bending
- biomechanical adaptation
- bone remodeling
- center of gravity
- center of mass
- coefficient of friction
- combined loading
- compression
- concentric contraction
- couple
- coupling
- creep
- cross‑sectional area
- damping
- deformation
- degrees of freedom
- ductility
- eccentric contraction
- elasticity
- elastic range
- energy
- energy absorption capacity
- ergonomics
- fatigue
- fatigue failure
- fatigue fracture
- force, F=ma
- glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
- ground reaction force
- hysteresis
- inertia
- joint lubrication
- joint reaction force
- kinematics
- kinesiology
- kinetics
- lever arm
- load
- load‑deformation curve
- mass
- matrix
- mechanical advantage
- modulus of elasticity
- motor unit
- moment (torque),
- normal stress
- plasticity
- plastic range
- relaxation
- scalar
- shear stress
- static load
- stiffness
- strain
- stress
- stress/strain diagram
- tension
- torsion
- translation
- ultimate load
- vector
- velocity
- viscoelasticity
- viscosity
- work
- yield stress
B. To demonstrate an efficiency in gait vocabulary the student will identify:
- anatomical position
- center of gravity
- double‑support
- eversion
- foot angulation
- foot‑flat position
- foot roll‑off
- force
- freeze frame
- gait cycle
- high‑point
- instant
- inversion
- low‑point
- line of progression
- moment
- neutral angulation
- normal gait
- planes
- rotation directions
- rotation of the leg segments
- shank
- step‑length
- step‑width
- stride‑length
- tibial advancement
- valgus
- varus
- walking base
C. To demonstrate an efficiency in clinical gait analysis the student will identify:
- toe‑in
- toe‑out
- supination
- pronation
- MTP dorsiflexion
- ankle dorsiflexion
- posterior leg mm.
- back mm.
- knee flex
- knee extension
- leg swing
- arm swing
- pelvic sway
- S‑I markers
Deleting a few Pages - Toxicology
Over along the right hand column have been a few pages that don't exactly fit anymore so I'll be deleting a few of them, specifically the pages dealing with Tri-5 and classes such as Physical Diagnosis I, Toxicology (pharmacology), Biomechanics and NMS. However, in case any of these pages could be of use to somebody I'm going to save each page as a post.
Below are the contents from the deleted Tri-5 Toxicology page:
Reference Sources:
1. PDR (Physician’s Desk Reference) [in the library],
Alcohol/illegal drug facts:
5. Google & Wikipedia (with precaution)
Upon completion of this course the student should be familiar with the following
A. Pharmakokinetics/pharmacodynamics
1. List and discuss the common routes of drug administration and excretion as well as describe advantages and disadvantages of each route.
2. Compare the efficacy and the potency of two drugs on the basis of their dose-response curves.
3. Describe the factors influencing drug absorption.
4. Describe the effect of pH on solubility of a drug.
5. Distinguish between first and zero order kinetics and give an example of each.
6. Be familiar with the most common receptor signaling mechanisms
7. Define or be familiar with the following:
- · Steady state
- · Bioequivalence
- Pharmacokinetics
- · Therapeutic equivalence
- · Pharmacodynamics Agonist & Antagonist
- · Volume of distribution
- · Therapeutic index
- · Half life
- · Efficacy & Potency
- · Bioavailability
- · Synergism/Potentiation
- · First pass metabolism
- · Tolerance/Dependence
8. Be familiar adverse drug reactions:
- · allergic reactions
- · tachyphylaxis
- · idiosyncratic reactions
- · placebo effect
- · teratogenic effects
- · side effect
9. Know the difference between competitive vs. non-competitive inhibition.
B. The Autonomic Nervous System – Cholinergic & Adrenergic Agents
1. Be able to describe the characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activation.
2. Describe the organ-system effects of stimulation of SNS/PNS
3. Be able to identify symptoms of cholinergic over stimulation and antidotes for treatment.
4. Identify the basic pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis and glaucoma and how cholinergic agents are used in diagnosis and treatment.
5. Know the actions of atropine.
6. Be able to identify the characteristics associated with alpha and beta receptor stimulation.
7. Be able to distinguish the cardiovascular consequences of administration of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
8. Pharmakinetics of cocaine and amphetamines.
9. Pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma and how ANS drugs used in treatment.
10. Basic clinical uses for beta blocking agents.
C. CNS Agents: Parkinson’s/Anxiolytics/CNS Stimulants
1. Describe the pharmacology of caffeine and nicotine.
2. Be able to describe the mechanism of action of amphetamine, cocaine, the psychedelic drugs and THC.
3. Therapeutic uses of amphetamines.
4. Pharmacokinetics of alcohol.
5. Identify components of fetal alcohol syndrome.
6. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical uses of benzodiazepines.
7. Treatment of benzodiazepine overdose.
8. Describe the neurochemical imbalance underlying the symptoms or Parkinson’s disease.
9. Identify the mechanisms by which levodopa, dopamine receptor agonists, selegiline, and muscarinic blocking drugs alleviate Parkinsonism.
10. Describe the therapeutic and toxic effects of the major antiparkinsonism agents.
D. CNS Agents: Antidepressants/Opioids/Analgesics/Anti-Epileptics
1. Be familiar with the DSM IV Criteria for the diagnosis of Major Depression.
2. Basic characteristics and pharmacology of tricyclic antidepressants including drug interactions.
3. Be familiar with prototype SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors), mechanism of action, side effect profile, and serotonin syndrome.
4. Be familiar with drug categorizations in pregnancy.
5. Be familiar with mechanism of action of MAO inhibitors (monamine oxidase) and drug interactions.
6. Characteristics of schizophrenia and basic aims of treatment. Be able to distinguish between positive and negative symptoms.
7. Be familiar with the pharmacology of opioids. Know the similarities and differences between morphine, Demerol, and codeine, and methadone.
8. Identify characteristics associated with opioid overdose and effective treatments.
9. Review pathophysiology of seizure disorders and the drugs used in its management.
10. Use of anti-epileptics in pregnancy.
E. Congestive Heart Failure Drugs & Antihypertensives
1. Describe the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.
2. Be able to describe and identify risk factors for coronary artery disease.
3. Be able to calculate BMI and know the medical complications of obesity.
4. JNC 7 (Joint National Committee) definitions for hypertension.
5. Be able to describe lifestyle modifications for the treatment of hypertension.
6. Role of beta blockers in the treatment of hypertension. Contraindications to their use as well.
7. Know the basic classes of diuretic agents and their mechanisms of action.
8. Mechanism of action of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors. Also be familiar with adverse reactions such as cough and why this happens.
9. Be able to identify special circumstances in which concomitant disease may affect choice of treatment.
10. Physiology of heart failure. Be able to distinguish between right and left sided heart failure.
11. Be able to define preload and afterload.
12. Objectives for drug treatment of heart failure.
13. Mechanism of action of digoxin and signs of its toxicity
F. Thrombolytics & Antihyperlipidemics
1. How to establish diagnosis of hyperlipidemia both by physical diagnosis and laboratory values.
2. Describe dietary modifications that might be helpful in treating hyperlipidemia.
3. Describe the components of the metabolic syndrome.
4. Know the major classes of agents used for medical therapy of hyperlipidemia.
5. Be able to identify major adverse effects associated with the agents most commonly used in treatment.
6. Know the effect of estrogen and progesterone on lipid levels.
7. Know the basic differences between the extrinsic and intrinsic clotting cascades. Know which tests are used for each.
8. Be familiar with the mechanism of action of aspirin.
9. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of heparin and warfarin.
10. Know the differences between an arterial and a venous thrombus.
G. Diabetes Mellitus & Thyroid Gland Drugs
1. Be able to distinguish the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2. Be aware of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes.
3. Know the criteria for establishing the diagnosis of diabetes.
4. Common dietary interventions used in the treatment of diabetes.
5. Mechanism and duration of action of insulin. Also know how to calculate insulin requirements.
6. Know the common classes of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents and mechanisms of action.
7. Physiologic effects of thyroid hormone.
8. Know the signs and symptoms of Graves ’s disease as well as the basic medical therapies used to treat it.
9. Clinical features and diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
10. Familiar with changes in thyroid function during pregnancy.
H. Miscellaneous Symptom-Modifying Drugs
1. Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma and its common triggers.
2. Be able to gauge symptoms based on the green – yellow – red spectrum.
3. Know the role of rescue inhalers vs. long acting inhalers. Be familiar with differences of using a spacer vs. not using one.
4. Role of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of severe asthma.
5. Be familiar with the hormonal link to asthma.
6. Be familiar with other anti-inflammatory agents and newer agents for the medical treatment of asthma.
7. Be familiar with the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease).
8. Know the common lifestyle modifications and the medical therapy used to treat peptic ulcers and GERD.
9. Working knowledge of the pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting.
10. Basic pharmacology of the anti-diarrheal agents.
I. Sex Steroids & Bone Metabolism
1. Understand menstrual cycle physiology and the pharmacokinetics of estrogen and progesterone.
2. Understand the mechanism of action, advantages and disadvantages and non-contraceptive benefits of oral contraceptives.
3. Know who should not be a candidate for hormonal contraception.
4. Understand the physiology of menopause and the basic findings from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).
5. Definition of osteoporosis and its clinical features and risk factors.
6. Know the National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for screening.
7. Understand methods of screening and interpretation for the evaluation of osteoporosis.
8. Know the recommended daily amounts for calcium supplementation.
9. Understand the basic pharmacology of the medical therapies available to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Be able to understand these classes in terms of effectiveness.
Antibiotic Drugs
1. Be familiar with the following definitions:
- sterilization
- antiseptic
- pasteurization
- nosocomial infection
- disinfectant
- selective toxicity
2. Know the concepts of an antibiotic that is bacteriocidal vs. on that is bacteriostatic.
3. Know when it is appropriate to use combination and or prophylactic chemotherapeutic drugs.
4. Understand the concepts of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC).
5. Know the basic mechanisms of action of the major classes of antibiotics.
6. Be aware of hypersensitivity reactions and cross reactions.
7. Understand the risks of misuse of antibiotics.
Deleting a few Pages - Physical Diagnosis I
Over along the right hand column have been a few pages that don't exactly fit anymore so I'll be deleting a few of them, specifically the pages dealing with Tri-5 and classes such as Physical Diagnosis I, Toxicology (pharmacology), Biomechanics and NMS. However, in case any of these pages could be of use to somebody I'm going to save each page as a post.
Below are the contents from the deleted Tri-5 Physical Diagnosis I page:
Glossary of Words to Know for Physical Dx I
Below are the contents from the deleted Tri-5 Physical Diagnosis I page:
Glossary of Words to Know for Physical Dx I
- Abduction
- Abruptio Placenta
- Accommodation
- Acini Cells
- Adduction
- Adenitis
- Adnexae
- Adventitious
- Alveolar Ridge
- Amblyopia
- Amenorrhea
- Anacrotic
- Anesthesia
- Aneurysm
- Angle of Louis
- Annulus
- Anosmia
- Anthropometry
- Apex Beat
- Aphakia
- Aphasia
- Apical
- Appropriate for Gestational Age
- Apnea
- Apraxia
- Arrhythmia
- Arteriovenous Fistula
- Arteriovenous Shunt
- Articulation
- Ascites
- Asterixis
- Astigmatism
- Ataxia
- Atelectasis
- Athetosis
- Artrioventricular Valve
- Austin Flint Murmur
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Baroreceptor
- Barrel Chest
- Bartholin Glands
- Biferious Pulse
- Bifurcated
- Bigeminal Pulse
- Bisferiens Pulse
- Borborygmi
- Bossing
- Boutonniere Deformity
- Bradycardia
- Bradypnea
- Bronchial Breathing
- Bronchial Fremitus
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiolitis
- Bronchogenic
- Bronchophony
- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
- Bronchovesicular
- Bruit
- Bruxism
- Bubo
- Buccal Mucosa
- Bundle of His
- Bunion
- Bursa
- Canthus
- Caput Succedaneum
- Cardiac Cycle
- Cardiac Impulse
- Cardiac Output
- Cardiac Reserve
- Carrying Angle
- Cellulitis
- Cephalhematoma
- Cheilitis
- Chemoreceptor
- Choanae
- Chordee
- Chorea
- Choreiform Movements
- Choroid
- Ciliary Body
- Circumcorneal
- Circumduction
- Circumlocution
- Claudication
- Clonus
- Coarctation
- Cochlea
- Cognition
- Colic
- Colostrum
- Concha
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Confabulation
- Conjuinctivitis
- Consolidation
- Contracture
- Coryza
- Craniotabes
- Crepitus
- Croup
- Cryptorchidism
- Cyanosis
- Deafness
- Decerebrate Posturing
- Dermatome
- Development
- Dextrocardia
- Diastole
- Dicrotic Notch
- Dicrotic Pulse
- Diplopia
- Dizziness
- Dorsiflexion
- Dysarthria
- Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
- Dyspareunia
- Dysphagia
- Dyspnea
- Dysrhythmia
- Ecchymosis
- Echolalia
- Edema
- Edentulous
- Effacement
- Effusion
- Ejection Murmur
- Electrocardiogram
- Embolism
- Emphysema
- Encephalocele
- Endocardium
- Epicardium
- Epigastrium
- Epispadias
- Epulis
- Erythema Marginatum
- Esotropia
- Eustachian Tube
- Exotrophia
- Extension
- External Rotation
- Exudate
- Facies
- Fasciculation
- Fibrosis
- Flaccid
- Flail Chest
- Flank
- Flatulence
- Flexion
- Floater
- Fluctuant
- Flutter
- Fontanels
- Foramen Ovale
- Fordyce Spots
- Fornix
- Fourchette
- Fovea Centralis
- Fremitus
- Frenulum, Lingual
- Friction Rub
- Functional Assessment
- Galea Aponeurotica
- Gaussian Distribution
- Gestational Age
- Gingivae
- Glaucoma
- Goiter
- Graham Steell Murmur
- Graphesthesia
- Helix
- Hemangioma
- Hemianesthesia
- Hemiplegia
- Hemodynamic
- Hemoptysis
- Hernia
- Hilus of the Lung
- Hirsutism
- Holodiastolic
- Holosystolic
- Homan's Sign
- Homonymous Hemianopia
- Hydramnios
- Hyrocephaly
- Hyperesthesia
- Hyperextension
- Hyperkeratosis
- Hyperkinesia
- Hypermenorrhea
- Hyperopia
- Hyperpnea
- Hyperresonance
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hyperventilation
- Hypesthesia
- Hypokinesia
- Hypomenorrhea
- Hypospadias
- Hypotension
- Hypothyroidism
- Incus
- Induration
- Infarction
- Infrapatellar Fat Pad
- Intermittent Claudication
- Internal Rotation
- Intertriginous
- Introitus
- Isthmus
- Joint Instability
- Jugular Pulse
- Keratin
- Kiesselbach Plexus
- Koplik Spots
- Kyphopsis
- Lactation
- Large for Gestational Age (LGA)
- Leukoplakia
- Lobule
- Locking
- Log‑rolled
- Lordosis
- Lymphangioma
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphedema
- Macroglossia
- Malleus
- Malocclusion
- McBurney Point
- Meconium
- Mediastinum
- Medulla Oblongata
- Menarche
- Meninges
- Meningomyclocele
- Menorrhagia
- Metrorrhagia
- Microcephaly
- Midaxillary Line
- Midclavicular Line
- Midsternal Line
- Miosis
- Mitral Valve
- Montgomery Tubercles
- Mucopurulent
- Murmur
- Murphy Sign
- Muscle Tone
- Myalgia
- Myocardium
- Myopia
- Myxedema
- Nasal Polyp
- Nasopharynx
- Neurogenic
- Nevus
- Nocturia
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Nystagmus
- Oligomenorrhea
- Oncotic Pressure
- Onycholysis
- Oropharynx
- Orthostatic
- Ossification
- Otorrhea
- Pack‑years of Smoking (PYS)
- Palpebral Fissures
- Palpitation
- Papillae
- Papilledema
- Paradoxical Pulse
- Parasternal
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Parenchyma
- Paresthesia
- Parietal
- Paroxysm
- Peak Height Velocity
- Peau d'Orange
- Pectoriloquy
- Pectus Carinatum
- Pectus Excavatum
- Pedunculated
- Pericardium
- Perineum
- Peristalsis
- Petechiae
- Peyer Patches
- Philtrum
- Photophobia
- Pica
- Pilonidal
- Pitch
- Plantar Flexion
- Pleura
- Pleural Cavity
- Pleurisy
- Plumbism
- Pneumothorax
- Polydactyly
- Polymenorrhea
- Postauricular
- Posterior Axillary Line
- Postmenopausal Bleeding
- Postterm Infant
- Postural Hypotension
- Preauricular
- Precordium
- Prepuce
- Presbyopia
- Preterm Infant
- Prodromal Event
- Prognathism
- Pronate
- Proprioception
- Proptosis, Proptotic
- Pruritus
- Ptosis
- Pubarche
- Pulmonary Pressure
- Pulmonary Valve
- Pulse
- Punctum
- Purpura
- Pyrosis
- QRS Complex
- Rale
- Regurgitation
- Retrognathia
- Rhonchus
- Rigidity
- Saccular
- Scapular Line
- Sclerosis
- Scoliosis
- Scotoma
- Scrotal Raphe
- Sebum
- Semilunar Valve
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Sessile
- Shunt, left to right
- Sibilant
- Sign
- Simian Crease
- Sinus Arrhythmia
- Sinus Rhythm
- Situs Inversus
- Skene Glands
- Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
- Smegma
- Spasm
- Spastic
- Spotting
- Sprain
- Stapes
- Steatorrhea
- Stellate
- Stereognosis
- Striae
- Stridor
- Stroke Volume
- Stroma
- Sty
- Subaortic Stenosis
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
- Subcutaneous Nodules
- Subgaleal
- Subjective Data
- Subluxation
- Sulcus
- Supernumerary Nipples
- Supinate
- Sutures
- Swan Neck Deformity
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Symptom
- Syndactyly
- Systole
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Tactile Fremitus
- Tail of Spence
- Term Infant
- Terminal Hair
- Thelarche
- Thrill
- Thrombophlebitis
- Thrombosis
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Tic
- Tinnitus
- Tonus
- Tophus
- Tragus
- Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
- Tremor
- Tricuspid Valve
- Turbinates
- Tympanic Membrane
- Umbo
- Valgus
- Valsalva Maneuver
- Varicosity
- Varus
- Vascular
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasomotor
- Vasporessor
- Vellus Hair
- Velocity of Growth
- Venous Hum
- Venous Thrombosis
- Ventilation
- Vertigo
- Vesicular Breath Sounds
- Vestibular Function
- Vestibule
- Virchow Node
- Virilization
- Vulva
- Water‑hammer Pulse
- Webbing
- Whispered Pectoriloquy
- Whoop
- Winged Scapula
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